Mara Viveros presents an overview of racism in Latin America, its diversity and heterogeneity, as well as the different responses and actions that have taken place in the face of said problem within the framework of the anti-racist turn in the region. In this sense, she exhibits the multiple places of enunciation and positioning from which this matter can be perceived and addressed, taking up the experiences of alternative grammars of anti-racism.

Nilma Lino Gomes establishes the premises that configure racism as a system of colonial oppression. On the one hand, she analyzes the “perfect crime” of the myth of racial democracy from the social and cultural aspects of Brazil. And, on the other hand, she presents the trayectory of the struggle of the black movement in its educating face, building a representation of the resistance directly committed to the acquisition of fundamental rights since 1931.

Rita Bosaho exposes on anti-racist public policies in the Spanish context. Initially, she introduces the problem of racism in Spain, the way it is conceptualized and its relationship with the European colonization process. Second, she refers to the policies to combat discrimination based on racial or ethnic origin that have been promoted in this country by various state institutions, based on advances in the European framework. And finally, she formulates some reflections regarding the future challenges in relation to the anti-racist struggle in the Spanish nation.

Carlos Álvarez addresses the problem of racism and racial discrimination in Latin America, both structural and institutional violence and its leaks in the daily sphere and the field of the symbolic. At the same time, he shares the various strategies implemented by the Afro-descendant social movement in the region, as well as the public policies and affirmative actions for the inclusion of Afro-descendant communities carried out by the governments of the south of the continent.